Heraclitus' wisdom: War as the origin of all things
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Heraclitus' wisdom: War as the origin of all things

Heraclitus, a pre-Socratic philosopher, once coined the idea that war is the father of all things. With the numerous armed conflicts raging around the world and causing untold suffering, this statement sounds provocative or at least incomprehensible. This statement, which is often quoted and discussed, offers a deep insight into the dynamic nature of existence. But in order to...

Descartes' "Cogito, ergo sum" becomes "Ego sum, ego existo"
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Descartes' "Cogito, ergo sum" becomes "Ego sum, ego existo"

Let's take a look at Descartes' probably best-known concept, which still resonates today and is often regarded as the essential basis of epistemology: "COGITO ERGO SUM." "I think, therefore I am." René Descartes He established this insight as the first foundation of his philosophy, because at its core, "Cogito, ergo sum" serves as the fundamental truth in Descartes'...

Alan Watts, Schopenhauer and the universe that experiences itself
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Alan Watts, Schopenhauer and the universe that experiences itself

Alan Watts is known for his interpretation and integration of Eastern philosophies into Western thought. A good example of this is the following view, which is strongly influenced by Eastern thought, particularly Buddhism, and, interestingly, has certain similarities with Schopenhauer's philosophy despite the different contexts and conclusions. "Through our eyes, the universe is perceiving itself. Through...

Descartes on mechanicism
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Descartes on mechanicism

By redefining thinking about the nature of the universe, Descartes revolutionized not only the world of philosophy, but the entire world. Previously, Aristotelian physics had been the dominant worldview of the Western world, which, simply summarized, presupposed a universe full of purposes and inherent qualities. Everything had a fixed purpose that it followed or goals after...